Welcome to King’s Cross. To understand this area, let’s travel back to the very beginning, to the Romans. This was once a simple crossing over the River Fleet called Broad Ford. Legend has it that the warrior queen Boudicca fought her final battle against the Romans here in AD 61. Some even say her body lies buried beneath what is now Platform 9. The story was passed through the centuries, and for the next 1700 years this rural settlement was known as Battle Bridge.
Fast forward to the Industrial Revolution and Battle Bridge had transformed into an urban outpost of London. In the early 1800s, the River Fleet had diverted underground to become a part of London’s sewer network. In its place came Regent’s Canal in 1820, an industrial thoroughfare which transported goods into London by boat. The canal brought industry to Battle Bridge, including the Imperial Battle Bridge Gas Works, which consumed vast quantities of coal.
The area became infamous for its polluting industries and for its giant dust heap. Charles Dickens described it in Our Mutual Friend as: “a tract of surburban Sahara, where tiles and bricks were burnt, bones were boiled, carpets were beat, rubbish was shot, dogs were fought, and dust was heaped by contractors”. That being said, it wasn’t all bleak, one writer noted that the dust heap “became a great resort for young acrobats and clowns who could here tumble and throw ‘flip-flaps’ to their hearts’ content without fear of fracture or sprain.”
In 1831 a 60-foot statue of King George IV was built in Battle Bridge as part of a grand idea to introduce pleasure gardens to the area. Unfortunately the project was abandoned, leaving the statue behind. George IV was an unpopular king so the statue was ridiculed and eventually demolished. However, fifteen years later, when the London terminus of the Great Northern Railway was built here, it took its name from the statue. And so ‘King’s Cross’ was born.
Designed by Lewis Cubitt, King’s Cross station opened in 1852, marking the beginning of a new era. The arrival of the railway brought an explosion of industry. The land north of the station became a network of goods yards. Cubitt designed the Granary building to store the vast quantities of grain coming from East Anglia and the surrounding train sheds for loading and unloading their wares. The Western and Eastern Coal Drops were designed to unload the 8 million tonnes of coal arriving every year and the Gas Works expanded with the gasholders becoming a part of the King’s Cross skyline. The yards were filled with people, carts and a considerable fleet of horses, used for pulling the wagons and drawing the canal boats. For over a century, the goods yards were a bustling, noisy, industrious place that supplied London with everything it could need from the industrial regions in the north of England.
Here’s Harold Bowron, now in his eighties, remembering his time working in the Yards, “King’s Cross was the area that all the raw materials for London came in through. Coming into the goods yard, around the clock we had a train of bricks 5 nights a week. We had sand and aggregate which was brought in to make concrete. Oh, and the steel of course: we had 5 mobile cranes unloading steel 16 hours a day. And then you had a train of fish every night from Aberdeen, which would put about 50% of the fish into Billingsgate market and on a Thursday night it brought a wagon of winkles from Wick. Then you had potatoes, freight liner trains, parcels trains in and out and, at Christmas time, Royal Mail trains. You had newspaper print came in. You had wagons of whisky and by gum, the police used to look after those. The wagons were all sealed — tobacco was the same. Those were the principal commodities that came into London.”
For over a century, King’s Cross was a powerhouse of industrial London, and this heritage is written into the buildings and place that you experience today.
1: The History
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